Hispid Hare Facts: Assam Rabbit Facing Extinction in India

Assam Rabbit (Hispid Hare) Caprolagus hispidus

Estimated reading time: 10 minutes

The Hispid Hare is one of the most unusual and least-known lagomorphs on Earth. Caprolagus hispidus, known locally as the Assam Rabbit, takes their common name from the coarse, bristly texture of their coat, a dark brown and black back over a creamy white abdomen that blends easily into the tall grasslands they call home. Unlike most hares, they are solitary and extraordinarily shy, moving almost exclusively at dawn and dusk, retreating into the burrows of other animals when threatened. Furthermore, females are notably larger than males and weigh up to 3.2 kg when pregnant. Consequently, very little is understood about their behaviour, mating system, or population dynamics.

The Hispid Hare’s range across India, Nepal, and Bhutan has contracted severely due to palm oil expansion, livestock grazing, and climate-driven fire and flooding. A significant portion of their remaining habitat in the Assam region is already earmarked for palm oil development. Meanwhile, the IUCN lists Caprolagus hispidus as Endangered, and population data remains sparse. Read on to discover the full story of this bristly-haired rabbit and what their extinction would mean for South Asia’s vanishing grassland ecosystems.

Key Takeaways

  • The Hispid Hare, or Caprolagus hispidus, is endangered due to habitat loss from palm oil expansion, agriculture, and climate change.
  • These hares are solitary and shy, with females larger than males, typically found in tall grasslands in India, Nepal, and Bhutan.
  • Limited research exists on their behavior and mating, with a focus on urgent conservation needs.
  • Their population is critically low and continues to decline, primarily due to human-related threats.
  • Support for the Hispid Hare includes promoting veganism and boycotting palm oil, crucial actions to protect their habitat.

Assam Rabbit (Hispid Hare) Caprolagus hispidus

Red List Status: Endangered

Locations: Bhutan; India (West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Assam); Nepal. Presence Uncertain: Bangladesh; India (Madhya Pradesh, Bihar)

Appearance and behaviour

A medium-sized hare, they are typically 47 cm in height, with males being slightly smaller than females. Females weigh an average of 2.5kg, with pregnant females weighing an average of 3.2kg. They possess a bristly haired coat with a dark brown and black back and a creamy white abdomen. This enables them ample camouflage in a grassland environment.

Threats

The primary threat to Hispid Hare populations is habitat loss, caused by encroaching agriculture, logging, summer flooding, and human development (Bell et al. 1990). 

IUCN RED LIST

The Indian Hare faces multiple anthropogenic threats including:

Habitat

Hispid hares are found infrequently in Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and possibly Bhutan. They live in tall grasslands and during the dry season. These areas are vulnerable to extreme weather events like fires and floods which are exacerbated by climate change. When these areas are under threat, the Hispid hare retreats to marshes and areas close to riverbanks.

Diet

Hispid hares are herbivores feeding mainly on roots of grasses, shoots, bark, and occasionally crops.

Mating and reproduction

More research is needed to understand the mating and reproductive behaviour of these hares. From limited research, it is understood that they have a small litter size and that they are crepuscular, preferring both dawn and twlight for hunting.

FAQs: Hispid hare facts

What is the red list status of the Hispid Hare?

The Hispid Hare is listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List. Caprolagus hispidus faces multiple severe and escalating human-related threats across their entire range. Palm oil deforestation, livestock grazing, and climate-driven fire and flooding are all actively reducing their habitat. Furthermore, the Assam Rabbit has no confirmed conservation actions currently in place. Consequently, without urgent habitat protection across India, Nepal, and Bhutan, their population is likely to continue declining toward a Critically Endangered listing.

The Hispid Hare, known as the Assam Rabbit, who inhabits tall grasslands across India, Nepal, and Bhutan.

How many Hispid Hares are left in the wild?

The precise Hispid Hare population is unknown. Caprolagus hispidus is so secretive and sparsely distributed that reliable population counts are extraordinarily difficult to conduct. Their active times during dawn and dusk, solitary nature, and reliance on dense tall grassland make field surveys challenging. Furthermore, ecosystem destruction across their range in India, Nepal, and Bhutan means that populations are increasingly isolated from each other. Consequently, genetic diversity and the long-term growth of remaining populations are a serious concern for conservation researchers.

Are there hispid hares in Assam?

Yes, Assam is one of the most important remaining populations for the Hispid Hare. Caprolagus hispidus is found in several protected areas across Assam, including Manas National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Furthermore, the tall grasslands of the Brahmaputra floodplain once provided an extensive and highly productive habitat for the Assam Rabbit. However, palm oil expansion, agricultural encroachment, and climate-driven flooding have severely degraded Assam’s grassland ecosystems in recent decades. Consequently, even within Manas and other partly protected areas, the Hispid Hare faces ongoing and largely unmitigated habitat loss.

What is the name of the Hispid Hare in Assamese?

In Assamese, the Hispid Hare Caprolagus hispidus is most commonly known as খাগৰিকটা শহা pronounced Khagorikota Xoha or Khagorikota Soha). The term literally translates to “grass reed hare,” referring to their home in the tall whispering rushes and grasslands of the Himalayan foothills.

What does ‘hispid’ mean?

The word “hispid” comes from the Latin hispidus, meaning rough, bristly, or shaggy. It describes the unusually coarse, stiff texture of the Hispid Hare’s fur, which sets Caprolagus hispidus apart from every other hare species in Asia. Furthermore, this distinctive coat texture is what gives the Assam Rabbit their scientific genus name, Caprolagus, meaning “rough hare.” Their bristly coat provides natural camouflage within the dense, dry tall grasslands they inhabit. Consequently, even their name encodes something essential about how they have evolved to survive in their specific ecosystem.

The Assam Rabbit, Caprolagus hispidus, who is listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List due to habitat loss.

Which national parks is the Hispid Hare found in?

The Hispid Hare is found in a small number of protected areas across their range in India, Nepal, and Bhutan. In India, Caprolagus hispidus has been recorded in Manas National Park and Jaldapara National Park in Assam and West Bengal respectively. Furthermore, they have historically been observed in protected grassland areas along the Terai belt of Nepal, including Chitwan National Park and Bardia National Park. However, even within these protected areas, tall grassland degradation, invasive species, and climate-driven flooding continue to threaten their survival. Consequently, national park status alone is insufficient to ensure their long-term persistence.

Support Assam Rabbit by going vegan and boycotting palm oil in the supermarket, it’s the #Boycott4Wildlife

Support the conservation of this species

This animal has no protections in place. Read about other forgotten species here. Create art to support this forgotten animal or raise awareness about them by sharing this post and using the #Boycottpalmoil #Boycott4Wildlife hashtags on social media. Also you can boycott palm oil in the supermarket.

Further Information

Aryal, A. & Yadav, B. 2019. Caprolagus hispidusThe IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T3833A45176688. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T3833A45176688.en. Accessed on 11 November 2022.

Hispid Hare or Indian Hare on Animalia.bio

Hispid Hare/ Indian Hare/ Assam Rabbit on Wikipedia

Assam Rabbit (Hindi translation)

संकटग्रस्त

अस्तित्व में (स्थायी निवासी)

भूटान; भारत (पश्चिम बंगाल, उत्तर प्रदेश, असम); नेपाल

उपस्थिति अनिश्चित

बांग्लादेश; भारत (मध्य प्रदेश, बिहार)

दिखावट और व्यवहार

एक मध्यम आकार का खरगोश, जो सामान्यतः 47 सेमी ऊँचा होता है, जिसमें नर मादा से थोड़े छोटे होते हैं। मादाओं का वजन औसतन 2.5 किग्रा होता है, जबकि गर्भवती मादाओं का वजन औसतन 3.2 किग्रा होता है। इनके पास एक कड़े बालों वाला कोट होता है जिसमें पीठ गहरे भूरे और काले रंग की होती है और पेट क्रीमी सफेद रंग का होता है। यह उन्हें घास के मैदान के वातावरण में पर्याप्त छद्मावरण प्रदान करता है।

असम खरगोश (हिस्पिड हेयर) Caprolagus hispidus #Boycott4Wildlife

खतरे

हिस्पिड हेयर की आबादी के लिए प्राथमिक खतरा आवास की हानि है, जो कृषि के फैलाव, लकड़ी काटने, ग्रीष्मकालीन बाढ़ और मानव विकास (Bell et al. 1990) के कारण होती है।

IUCN रेड लिस्ट

भारतीय खरगोश कई मानवजनित खतरों का सामना कर रहे हैं, जिनमें शामिल हैं:

  • पाम तेल का विस्तार: उनके आवास का एक बड़ा हिस्सा पाम तेल के लिए नष्ट किया जा रहा है।
  • जलवायु परिवर्तन: जलवायु परिवर्तन के परिणामस्वरूप चरम मौसम, आग और बाढ़।
  • पशुधन चराई और अन्य कृषि विस्तार।
  • घटते आवास में भोजन के लिए अन्य जानवरों के साथ प्रतिस्पर्धा।
  • मानव उत्पीड़न।

आवास

हिस्पिड हेयर बांग्लादेश, भारत, नेपाल और संभवतः भूटान में कम ही पाए जाते हैं। ये लंबे घास के मैदानों में रहते हैं और शुष्क मौसम के दौरान। ये क्षेत्र आग और बाढ़ जैसी चरम मौसम की घटनाओं के लिए असुरक्षित हैं, जो जलवायु परिवर्तन से बढ़ रही हैं। जब ये क्षेत्र खतरे में होते हैं, तो हिस्पिड हेयर दलदल और नदी किनारे के क्षेत्रों में शरण लेते हैं।

आहार

हिस्पिड हेयर शाकाहारी होते हैं और मुख्यतः घास की जड़ों, अंकुर, छाल और कभी-कभी फसलों पर निर्भर रहते हैं।

प्रजनन और संतति

इन खरगोशों के प्रजनन और प्रजनन व्यवहार को समझने के लिए और अधिक शोध की आवश्यकता है। सीमित शोध से यह समझा गया है कि उनके पास छोटे कूड़े का आकार होता है और वे क्रेपसकुलर होते हैं, जो शिकार के लिए सुबह और शाम को प्राथमिकता देते हैं।

असम खरगोश का समर्थन करें

शाकाहारी बनकर और सुपरमार्केट में पाम तेल का बहिष्कार करके असम खरगोश का समर्थन करें, यह है #Boycott4Wildlife। आप इस खूबसूरत जानवर का समर्थन कर सकते हैं। इस प्रजाति के संरक्षण का समर्थन करें। इस जानवर की कोई सुरक्षा व्यवस्था नहीं है। अन्य भूले हुए प्रजातियों के बारे में यहाँ पढ़ें। इस भूले हुए जानवर का समर्थन करने के लिए कला बनाएं या इस पोस्ट को साझा करके और सोशल मीडिया पर #Boycottpalmoil #Boycott4Wildlife हैशटैग का उपयोग करके उनके बारे में जागरूकता बढ़ाएं। आप सुपरमार्केट में पाम तेल का बहिष्कार भी कर सकते हैं।

आगे की जानकारी

  • Aryal, A. & Yadav, B. 2019. Caprolagus hispidus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T3833A45176688. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T3833A45176688.en. Accessed on 11 November 2022.
  • Animalia.bio पर हिस्पिड हेयर या भारतीय खरगोश
  • विकिपीडिया पर हिस्पिड हेयर/भारतीय खरगोश/असम खरगोश
Tall grassland habitat in Assam, India, where the Hispid Hare shelters at dawn and dusk from predators.However we must protect them from palm oil every time we shop!
Assam Rabbit (Hispid Hare) hispidus – threats

Contribute to palm oil detectives - black rhino in profile

How can I help the #Boycott4Wildlife?

Take action in five ways!


  1. 1. Join the #Boycott4Wildlife on social media and subscribe to stay in the loop: 


    Use the one-click buttons to share written posts from this website or videos from Youtube to your own network and connect with Palm Oil Detectives on BlueSky, Twitter, Mastodon, YouTube, Instagram, Facebook using the hashtags #Boycottpalmoil #Boycott4Wildlife.


    Certifying products as sustainable is no panacea - Uni Michigan 2023 - take action by boycotting palm oil!


  2. Contribute stories: 


    Academics, conservationists, scientists, indigenous rights advocates and animal rights advocates working to expose the corruption of the palm oil industry can contribute stories or get in touch here.

    Anthropologist and author of 'In the Shadow of the Palms' Dr Sophie Chao: In Her Own Words


  3. Supermarket sleuthing: 


    Next time you’re in the supermarket, take photos of products containing palm oil. Share these to social media along with the hashtags to call out the greenwashing and ecocide of the brands using palm oil. You can also take photos of palm oil free products and congratulate brands when they go palm oil free. Find palm oil free brands here


    Palm Oil Free Products - Palm Oil Detectives


  4. Donate to boost the #Boycott4Wildlife campaign


    Make a one-off or monthly donation to Palm Oil Detectives as a way of saying thank you and to help pay for ongoing running costs of the website and social media campaigns that help animals, landscapes and people. Donate here


    Contribute to my kofi
    https://ko-fi.com/palmoildetectives


  5. Download the premium version of the Yuka app


    Yuka is an independent (not industry-funded) mobile app for Android and Apple. The paid version is $10 USD per year and is well worth the money! Simply scan all supermarket items to find out if they contain palm oil along with countless other nasty highly processed and unhealthy ingredients. You can scan cosmetic and personal care items as well as food. Set up alerts for palm oil to be flagged so you can disregard the items. Download the app


Join 3,131 other subscribers

Forgotten Species on Palm Oil Detectives

These species have no known conservation actions in place and are silently disappearing before we can save them. Do something about it by boycotting supermarket brands linked to tropical deforestation. Join the #Boycott4Wildlife



Discover more from Palm Oil Detectives

Subscribe to get the latest posts sent to your email.

Published by Palm Oil Detectives

Hi, I’m Palm Oil Detective’s Editor in Chief. Palm Oil Detectives is partly a consumer website about palm oil in products and partly an online community for writers, scientists, conservationists, artists and musicians to showcase their work and express their love for endangered species. I have a strong voice for creatures great and small threatened by deforestation. With our collective power we can shift the greed of the retail and industrial agriculture sectors and through strong campaigning we can stop them cutting down forests. Be bold! Be courageous! Join the #Boycott4Wildlife and stand up for the animals with your supermarket choices

One thought on “Hispid Hare Facts: Assam Rabbit Facing Extinction in India

Leave a Reply

Discover more from Palm Oil Detectives

Subscribe now to keep reading and get access to the full archive.

Continue reading

Discover more from Palm Oil Detectives

Subscribe now to keep reading and get access to the full archive.

Continue reading