Estimated reading time: 10 minutes
The Hispid Hare is one of the most unusual and least-known lagomorphs on Earth. Caprolagus hispidus, known locally as the Assam Rabbit, takes their common name from the coarse, bristly texture of their coat, a dark brown and black back over a creamy white abdomen that blends easily into the tall grasslands they call home. Unlike most hares, they are solitary and extraordinarily shy, moving almost exclusively at dawn and dusk, retreating into the burrows of other animals when threatened. Furthermore, females are notably larger than males and weigh up to 3.2 kg when pregnant. Consequently, very little is understood about their behaviour, mating system, or population dynamics.
The Hispid Hare’s range across India, Nepal, and Bhutan has contracted severely due to palm oil expansion, livestock grazing, and climate-driven fire and flooding. A significant portion of their remaining habitat in the Assam region is already earmarked for palm oil development. Meanwhile, the IUCN lists Caprolagus hispidus as Endangered, and population data remains sparse. Read on to discover the full story of this bristly-haired rabbit and what their extinction would mean for South Asia’s vanishing grassland ecosystems.
#Assam Rabbits 🐰🐇 AKA Hispid Hares are regal and rare, they’re endangered by many threats incl. #palmoil #deforestation in #Assam, #India 🇮🇳🪷 Help them and #Boycottpalmoil 🌴🚜🔥🧐🙊⛔️ #Boycott4Wildlife in the supermarket @palmoildetect https://palmoildetectives.com/2023/05/21/assam-rabbit-hispid-hare-caprolagus-hispidus/
Hispid #Hares 🐇🐰🩶 hang on to survival, facing multiple human-related threats including #palmoil expansion in #Assam #India 🇮🇳 Fight for their survival and #Boycottpalmoil 🌴🪔🤮☠️❌ #Boycott4Wildlife @palmoildetect https://palmoildetectives.com/2023/05/21/assam-rabbit-hispid-hare-caprolagus-hispidus/
Key Takeaways
- The Hispid Hare, or Caprolagus hispidus, is endangered due to habitat loss from palm oil expansion, agriculture, and climate change.
- These hares are solitary and shy, with females larger than males, typically found in tall grasslands in India, Nepal, and Bhutan.
- Limited research exists on their behavior and mating, with a focus on urgent conservation needs.
- Their population is critically low and continues to decline, primarily due to human-related threats.
- Support for the Hispid Hare includes promoting veganism and boycotting palm oil, crucial actions to protect their habitat.
Table of contents
- Appearance and behaviour
- Threats
- Habitat
- Diet
- Mating and reproduction
- FAQs: Hispid hare facts
- What is the red list status of the Hispid Hare?
- How many Hispid Hares are left in the wild?
- Are there hispid hares in Assam?
- What is the name of the Hispid Hare in Assamese?
- What does ‘hispid’ mean?
- Which national parks is the Hispid Hare found in?
- Support Assam Rabbit by going vegan and boycotting palm oil in the supermarket, it’s the #Boycott4Wildlife
- Further Information
Assam Rabbit (Hispid Hare) Caprolagus hispidus
Red List Status: Endangered
Locations: Bhutan; India (West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Assam); Nepal. Presence Uncertain: Bangladesh; India (Madhya Pradesh, Bihar)
Appearance and behaviour
A medium-sized hare, they are typically 47 cm in height, with males being slightly smaller than females. Females weigh an average of 2.5kg, with pregnant females weighing an average of 3.2kg. They possess a bristly haired coat with a dark brown and black back and a creamy white abdomen. This enables them ample camouflage in a grassland environment.



Threats
The primary threat to Hispid Hare populations is habitat loss, caused by encroaching agriculture, logging, summer flooding, and human development (Bell et al. 1990).
IUCN RED LIST
The Indian Hare faces multiple anthropogenic threats including:
- Palm oil expansion: A significant part of their range is earmarked for destruction for palm oil.
- Climate change: extreme weather, fire and flooding as a result of climate change
- Livestock grazing and other agricultural expansion.
- Competition with other animals for food in a shrinking range.
- Human persecution.


Habitat
Hispid hares are found infrequently in Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and possibly Bhutan. They live in tall grasslands and during the dry season. These areas are vulnerable to extreme weather events like fires and floods which are exacerbated by climate change. When these areas are under threat, the Hispid hare retreats to marshes and areas close to riverbanks.
Diet
Hispid hares are herbivores feeding mainly on roots of grasses, shoots, bark, and occasionally crops.
Mating and reproduction
More research is needed to understand the mating and reproductive behaviour of these hares. From limited research, it is understood that they have a small litter size and that they are crepuscular, preferring both dawn and twlight for hunting.
FAQs: Hispid hare facts
What is the red list status of the Hispid Hare?
The Hispid Hare is listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List. Caprolagus hispidus faces multiple severe and escalating human-related threats across their entire range. Palm oil deforestation, livestock grazing, and climate-driven fire and flooding are all actively reducing their habitat. Furthermore, the Assam Rabbit has no confirmed conservation actions currently in place. Consequently, without urgent habitat protection across India, Nepal, and Bhutan, their population is likely to continue declining toward a Critically Endangered listing.

How many Hispid Hares are left in the wild?
The precise Hispid Hare population is unknown. Caprolagus hispidus is so secretive and sparsely distributed that reliable population counts are extraordinarily difficult to conduct. Their active times during dawn and dusk, solitary nature, and reliance on dense tall grassland make field surveys challenging. Furthermore, ecosystem destruction across their range in India, Nepal, and Bhutan means that populations are increasingly isolated from each other. Consequently, genetic diversity and the long-term growth of remaining populations are a serious concern for conservation researchers.
Are there hispid hares in Assam?
Yes, Assam is one of the most important remaining populations for the Hispid Hare. Caprolagus hispidus is found in several protected areas across Assam, including Manas National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Furthermore, the tall grasslands of the Brahmaputra floodplain once provided an extensive and highly productive habitat for the Assam Rabbit. However, palm oil expansion, agricultural encroachment, and climate-driven flooding have severely degraded Assam’s grassland ecosystems in recent decades. Consequently, even within Manas and other partly protected areas, the Hispid Hare faces ongoing and largely unmitigated habitat loss.
What is the name of the Hispid Hare in Assamese?
In Assamese, the Hispid Hare Caprolagus hispidus is most commonly known as খাগৰিকটা শহা pronounced Khagorikota Xoha or Khagorikota Soha). The term literally translates to “grass reed hare,” referring to their home in the tall whispering rushes and grasslands of the Himalayan foothills.
What does ‘hispid’ mean?
The word “hispid” comes from the Latin hispidus, meaning rough, bristly, or shaggy. It describes the unusually coarse, stiff texture of the Hispid Hare’s fur, which sets Caprolagus hispidus apart from every other hare species in Asia. Furthermore, this distinctive coat texture is what gives the Assam Rabbit their scientific genus name, Caprolagus, meaning “rough hare.” Their bristly coat provides natural camouflage within the dense, dry tall grasslands they inhabit. Consequently, even their name encodes something essential about how they have evolved to survive in their specific ecosystem.

Which national parks is the Hispid Hare found in?
The Hispid Hare is found in a small number of protected areas across their range in India, Nepal, and Bhutan. In India, Caprolagus hispidus has been recorded in Manas National Park and Jaldapara National Park in Assam and West Bengal respectively. Furthermore, they have historically been observed in protected grassland areas along the Terai belt of Nepal, including Chitwan National Park and Bardia National Park. However, even within these protected areas, tall grassland degradation, invasive species, and climate-driven flooding continue to threaten their survival. Consequently, national park status alone is insufficient to ensure their long-term persistence.
Support Assam Rabbit by going vegan and boycotting palm oil in the supermarket, it’s the #Boycott4Wildlife
Support the conservation of this species
This animal has no protections in place. Read about other forgotten species here. Create art to support this forgotten animal or raise awareness about them by sharing this post and using the #Boycottpalmoil #Boycott4Wildlife hashtags on social media. Also you can boycott palm oil in the supermarket.
Further Information
Aryal, A. & Yadav, B. 2019. Caprolagus hispidus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T3833A45176688. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T3833A45176688.en. Accessed on 11 November 2022.
Hispid Hare or Indian Hare on Animalia.bio
Hispid Hare/ Indian Hare/ Assam Rabbit on Wikipedia
Assam Rabbit (Hindi translation)
संकटग्रस्त
अस्तित्व में (स्थायी निवासी)
भूटान; भारत (पश्चिम बंगाल, उत्तर प्रदेश, असम); नेपाल
उपस्थिति अनिश्चित
बांग्लादेश; भारत (मध्य प्रदेश, बिहार)
दिखावट और व्यवहार
एक मध्यम आकार का खरगोश, जो सामान्यतः 47 सेमी ऊँचा होता है, जिसमें नर मादा से थोड़े छोटे होते हैं। मादाओं का वजन औसतन 2.5 किग्रा होता है, जबकि गर्भवती मादाओं का वजन औसतन 3.2 किग्रा होता है। इनके पास एक कड़े बालों वाला कोट होता है जिसमें पीठ गहरे भूरे और काले रंग की होती है और पेट क्रीमी सफेद रंग का होता है। यह उन्हें घास के मैदान के वातावरण में पर्याप्त छद्मावरण प्रदान करता है।
असम खरगोश (हिस्पिड हेयर) Caprolagus hispidus #Boycott4Wildlife
खतरे
हिस्पिड हेयर की आबादी के लिए प्राथमिक खतरा आवास की हानि है, जो कृषि के फैलाव, लकड़ी काटने, ग्रीष्मकालीन बाढ़ और मानव विकास (Bell et al. 1990) के कारण होती है।
IUCN रेड लिस्ट
भारतीय खरगोश कई मानवजनित खतरों का सामना कर रहे हैं, जिनमें शामिल हैं:
- पाम तेल का विस्तार: उनके आवास का एक बड़ा हिस्सा पाम तेल के लिए नष्ट किया जा रहा है।
- जलवायु परिवर्तन: जलवायु परिवर्तन के परिणामस्वरूप चरम मौसम, आग और बाढ़।
- पशुधन चराई और अन्य कृषि विस्तार।
- घटते आवास में भोजन के लिए अन्य जानवरों के साथ प्रतिस्पर्धा।
- मानव उत्पीड़न।
आवास
हिस्पिड हेयर बांग्लादेश, भारत, नेपाल और संभवतः भूटान में कम ही पाए जाते हैं। ये लंबे घास के मैदानों में रहते हैं और शुष्क मौसम के दौरान। ये क्षेत्र आग और बाढ़ जैसी चरम मौसम की घटनाओं के लिए असुरक्षित हैं, जो जलवायु परिवर्तन से बढ़ रही हैं। जब ये क्षेत्र खतरे में होते हैं, तो हिस्पिड हेयर दलदल और नदी किनारे के क्षेत्रों में शरण लेते हैं।
आहार
हिस्पिड हेयर शाकाहारी होते हैं और मुख्यतः घास की जड़ों, अंकुर, छाल और कभी-कभी फसलों पर निर्भर रहते हैं।
प्रजनन और संतति
इन खरगोशों के प्रजनन और प्रजनन व्यवहार को समझने के लिए और अधिक शोध की आवश्यकता है। सीमित शोध से यह समझा गया है कि उनके पास छोटे कूड़े का आकार होता है और वे क्रेपसकुलर होते हैं, जो शिकार के लिए सुबह और शाम को प्राथमिकता देते हैं।
असम खरगोश का समर्थन करें
शाकाहारी बनकर और सुपरमार्केट में पाम तेल का बहिष्कार करके असम खरगोश का समर्थन करें, यह है #Boycott4Wildlife। आप इस खूबसूरत जानवर का समर्थन कर सकते हैं। इस प्रजाति के संरक्षण का समर्थन करें। इस जानवर की कोई सुरक्षा व्यवस्था नहीं है। अन्य भूले हुए प्रजातियों के बारे में यहाँ पढ़ें। इस भूले हुए जानवर का समर्थन करने के लिए कला बनाएं या इस पोस्ट को साझा करके और सोशल मीडिया पर #Boycottpalmoil #Boycott4Wildlife हैशटैग का उपयोग करके उनके बारे में जागरूकता बढ़ाएं। आप सुपरमार्केट में पाम तेल का बहिष्कार भी कर सकते हैं।
आगे की जानकारी
- Aryal, A. & Yadav, B. 2019. Caprolagus hispidus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T3833A45176688. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T3833A45176688.en. Accessed on 11 November 2022.
- Animalia.bio पर हिस्पिड हेयर या भारतीय खरगोश
- विकिपीडिया पर हिस्पिड हेयर/भारतीय खरगोश/असम खरगोश


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